Ethics As Explained By Robert J. Sternberg - 1291 Words

From time to time an individual may deliberate back and forth internally, questioning what the right behavior is when faced with a particular situation in which a decision has to be made. Some situations are a little bit more difficult than whether or not to get up in the morning with the alarm clock or to adhere to one’s workout schedule. Some may also have a greater impact not only on the individual themselves, but also others than simply sleeping in or putting exercise on hold for another day. These difficult situations call for more of a drastic measure in which, ethical reasoning comes into play. Ethics as explained by Robert J. Sternberg, â€Å"Ethics is a set of principles for what constitutes right and wrong behavior.† (Sternberg, 2017,†¦show more content†¦A couple of points up for consideration are the classmates work lessening the chances of one getting good grades when it is desperately needed and the possibility of removal from the educational faci lity for violating the regulations (Van Camp, 2014). Immediate thoughts are, one needs to personally complete the class work without violating any regulations set forth by the educational establishment. This would include both not paying an individual to do the work, which can be viewed as passing work off as one’s own and a form of anonymous communication to the faculty about the classmates. To begin with, it is of the belief that paying an individual to complete ones class work is a form of cheating therefore, a display of unethical behavior. When utilizing the word cheating, two things come to mind; cheating oneself from learning and a dishonest portrayal that it is one’s own work. Personally, it is difficult to believe that paying an individual to do class work for another provides an opportunity for learning the material. Gina Ciliberto also provides additional insight, â€Å"Aside from sourcing one’s ethics or reputation, I think homework-doing services might be a bad idea for an entirely differently reason. No doubt, writing an essay or completing a reading report is not the optimal way to spend an afternoon. But, as I pointed out to my friend this morning, college really is the place to work onShow MoreRelatedThe Problems With College-Entrance Testing Essay2623 Words   |  11 PagesToledo while getting into the honors program at Harvard University with this score would be very difficult. Does this mean that a student is incapable of taking the same titled classes at different universities based on standards? 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Extra Credit free essay sample

In appendix A, The Evolution of Management there are nine theories classified into two approaches: The Classical Approaches and The Contemporary Approaches. In the classical approaches, there are five theories including systematic management, scientific management, administrative management, human relations, and bureaucracy. Quantitative management, organizational behavior, systems theory, and contingency perspective are the four theories from contemporary approaches. Systematic management is a holistic approach to management that allows leaders to perate in complex environment, navigate through strategic uncertainty and effectively manage change in organizations. Cocheco Company uses systematic management to draw up a labor contract provisions in the 1850s. Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving labour productivity. One of the most famous examples of the application management is the factory Henry Ford built to produce the Model-T. Administrative management is theory that focuses on how a business should be organized and the practices an effective manager should follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Extra Credit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It emphasized the perspective of senior managers within the organization, and argued that management was a profession and could be taught. In 1955, the first MacDonalds opens and it uses administrative management. Human relations are an approach that is aimed at understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situations to influence performance. This approach was the first major approach to emphasize informal work relationships and worker satisfaction. Bureaucracy theory is to be believed by Max Weber who is believed bureaucratic structures can eliminate the variability that esults when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals. The first Wal-Mart is open in Roger, Arizona in 1962. Quantitative management is a theory that emphasizes the use of mathematical and statistical techniques in management and focuses on finding the right answers to managerial problems, which are solved through decision making. In 1971, Intel introduces their first microprocessors and IBM introduces its first floppy disk. Organizational behavior is the studies and indentifles management activities that promote employee ffectiveness through an understanding of complex nature of individual, group, and organizational processes. Netscape goes public and kicks off the dot. com boom in 1995. Systems theory emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystem. Contingency perspective is an approach that is based on the idea that there is no one best way to manage and that to be effective, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling must be tailored to the particular circumstances faced by an organization. AOL is the first internet browser and it merges with Time Warner the year.

Law Code of Hammurabi free essay sample

Throughout the history of civilization there has been a need for order amongst societies. This order has been seen in the ruling of kings and the laws they created. Most of these laws were set into motion on the basis of whatever the king said is what happened. With the Code of Hammurabi there is a written law that was portrayed as something that not even the king could change. The purpose of this paper is to give a general background of ancient Babylon during the reign of Hammurabi, present the background of the Code of Hammurabi, and discuss the medium and manner in which it was presented. Hammurabi was the sixth king in the old Babylonian period. He became king in 1792 B. C. while still a young man. During his rule he spent time on many traditional aspects such as building and restoring temples, building city walls, and building canals. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Code of Hammurabi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, many accounts note Hammurabi as being the king to unite Mesopotamia under the rule of the Babylonian Empire. Hammurabi did this through a series of military and diplomatic alliances, as well as, through series military conquests. He had an organized and well-disciplined military. This allowed him to greatly extend his original empire in every direction. Despite the many wars and military conquest Hammurabi brought peace and prosperity into Mesopotamia. He was also thought to be concerned with being a just ruler and was viewed as a â€Å"guarantee of justice† (Ascalone, 114). The unification of the empire under Hammurabi led to increased trade with the Persians which ultimately led to more wealth being acquired. It also led to the incorporation new deities such as Shamash, Ishtar, and Adad. Shamash especially became important during Hammurabi’s rule. Shamash initially was the sun king and later also became known as the â€Å"guarantor of equity and social justice† (Ascalone, 136). Hammurabi was unique in comparison to the rulers before him in that he did not deify himself. Instead he chose to think of himself as being a â€Å"favorite of the gods† or as being a chosen one of the gods (Martell, 22). Hammurabi was the first of the Mesopotamian rulers to view himself as separate from the gods in this manner. This gave him a position of leadership that was simply to enforce and interpret the will of the gods. This also set a precedent for rulers in later times. The expanded territory and unification meant there was more people and land that had to have order maintained. This led to the item that Hammurabi is most famous for, his code of law. Hammurabi was said to have received these laws from Shamash. Many of the laws created were based specifically on the growing culture. Though Hammurabi’s code of law was not the first known law code in ancient Mesopotamia, it is the most complete still in existence today. The official code of Hammurabi contained 242 laws in all. These laws were carved in relief into a basalt or granite pillar called a stele that stood seven and half feet tall. The laws were carved into the stele in 1760 B. C. The written laws took up the majority of the pillar and were separated into 49 columns. At the top of the pillar there is a scene depicting Hammurabi receiving the laws from Shamash. Hammurabi is standing before Shamash. Shamash is seated and holding a ring and a staff. Shamash can be identified by the flames or rays of the sun rising from his shoulders (Chrisp, 25). This depiction is thought to indicate that the king was making the laws on the gods behalf. The written law itself is written using cuneiform in the Akkadian language. The Akkadian language is believed to be the common language of this time, whereas Sumerian was the official language. In writing the law code in the common speech Hammurabi had hopes of making the law more accessible and understandable to the common people. There is some disagreement about where it is thought that Hammurabi erected the pillar. Some believe that it was erected in the Temple of Marduk in Babylon. Others believe that it was erected in Sippal as a monument to Shamash. One thing that scholars and researchers seem to agree on is that the pillar was moved to Susa as spoils when the Elamites attacked Babylon in 1165 B. C. It was in Susa that it was discovered in 1901 by French archeologist Jean-Vincent Scheil. When Scheil discovered the stele it was in 3 pieces. He reassembled the pieces and spent 6 months translating the text. The stele currently resides in the Louvre Mueseum. The text was organized into three main parts. It begins with description of Hammurabi receiving the laws from the sun king, Shamash. Hammurabi describes the event as he was given the responsibility â€Å"to make justice appear in the land, to destroy the evil and the wicked that the strong might not oppress the weak, to rise like the sun-god†¦to give light to the land† (Schomp, 14). He also presents himself as being â€Å"the protector of the weak and oppressed† (Iselin). This prologue was followed by the actual laws. The laws were written in simplified terms as well as the common language as it was important to Hammurabi that everyone understood them. The laws were organized into chapters or sections and covered every aspect of their life. All the written laws followed the same format in that a problem or issue is stated followed by a response in the future tense that described the punishment of the guilty party or the solution to the issue (Iselin). The laws were often harsh but recognized the difference between accidental injury or harm and intent. The penalties also varied depending on the status of the offender. The laws themselves governed economic provisions, family law, criminal law, and civil law. The laws were written specifically so they could be integrated into everyday life. There were laws governing slaves, for example. One law stated that any slave that struck a free citizen would have his ear cut off. Another stated that any citizen that stole a slave or was caught hiding a runaway slave would be put to death. One interesting law stated that if a barber cut off the â€Å"abbuttu,† the topknot of hair distinctive to slaves, without the knowledge and permission of the slaves master would have his hands cut off (Schomp, 63). Other laws included the punishments for robbery and arson, as well as how property should be distributed, and how contracts should be handled. Many of the laws were very exact when it came to the punishment. One example of this is found in a law discussing a death from shoddy building; â€Å"If a builder has constructed a house†¦with the result that the house he built collapses and so caused the death of the owner, the builder shall be put to death. If it has caused the death of the son of the owner of the house, they shall put to death the son of the builder† (Service, 71) Another example of this exact punishment is seen in the well-known law of â€Å"if a man puts out the eye of a man, they shall put out his eye† (Service, 71). This eye for and eye concept is what is known as the lex talionis (latin for â€Å"law of retaliation†). The lex talionis was utilized by many different cultures and survived into the modern world in the form of the death penalty for murder. The laws written by Hammurabi didn’t just include penalties but also items such as appropriate fees to charge in different professions. One example of this is seen when a doctors fees are discussed. A doctor who treated â€Å"the broken bone or diseased soft part† was to charge 5 shekels for upper-class citizens, 3 shekels for commoners, and 2 shekels to the master of a slave being treated (Shomp, 68). Stating the fees for certain services likes this protected people from being taken advantage by merchants or tradesmen. After the laws are listed, is the final section or the epilogue. In the epilogue Hammurabi reiterates that the laws were given at the direction of the sun-god Shamesh. Hammurabi also indicates that he recorded the laws in order for them to be an example for later rulers. He states, â€Å"To the end of days, forever, may the king who happens to be in the land observe the words of justice which I have inscribed on my stele†¦let the stele reveal to him the accustomed way, the way to follow, the land’s judgments which I have judged† (Chrisp, 25). This is extremely interesting considering that’s exactly what they turned out to be. The Code of Hammurabi is extremely important in that it became a model after which many systems of law were founded since then. It became something that other cultures could learn from and model themselves after. It also represented a new style of ruling, in which not only were the common people bound to laws but so was the king, as he did not create them. The stele and the style it was written in also gave huge amount of insight into the culture, religious beliefs, daily activities, and economics that were present during this time in the Babylonian Empire. The precedent that Hammurabi set when he created his law code is an important aspect of history that carried into the modern day. There was a written law that was portrayed as something handed down by the gods and that even the king had to obey to some extent. The background of Hammurabi’s stele and the detail the text portrays about Babylonian society will continue to be extremely interesting and important when looking at ancient Babylon.

The Everglades essays

The Everglades essays The Everglades is a unique wetland ecosystem on the margin of the tropics. Its slow flow of water supports grasslands, thick forests, and a diverse group of animal, fish, and bird. The Everglades originated between 8000 to 10,000 years ago at the end of the most recent of the ice age. The melting of the glaciers caused the sea levels to rise and form a low-lying basin into a swamp. The climate of the Everglades is tropical savanna caused by hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. The average annual rainfall exceeds 50 inches. Cypress, mangrove thickets, palms, live oaks, pines and lush vegetation cover the numerous inlets. Wildlife, although severely reduced in number and diversity over the past century, is still abundant and includes alligators, American crocodiles, deer, wading birds, fish, snakes, and the endangered Florida panther. American crocodiles and alligators pretty much rule this amazing ecosystem and are no doubt at the top of the food chain. The American crock and the alligator are very much alike and many ways. The primary distinguishing feature between the two is seen in the snout, because alligators it is rounded but the crocks is more pointed. Also the crocks lower fourth tooth fits into a groove in the side upper jaw and, unlike the alligator, this tooth is visible with the mouth closed. An adult crock will grow to be about 10-12 feet. The diet of the two are a variety of foods including insects, crabs, crayfish, fish, frogs, snails, turtles, snakes, coots, grebes, wading birds, raccoons, otters, deer, and other alligators and crocks. They also feed on dead animals although they are carnivorous, they are occasionally seen uprooting vegetation evidently they do not eat the plant material, and may be catching crayfish, snails, and insects. White pelicans are amazing birds and weighing 10-13 pounds they have the second greatest wingspan of any bird in North America. It ...

10 Facts About Acids and Bases

10 Facts About Acids and Bases 1:13 Watch Now: What are the Differences Between Acids and Bases? Here are 10 facts about acids and bases to help you learn about acids, bases, and pHÂ  along with a chart for comparison. Any aqueous (water-based) liquid can be classified as an acid, base, or neutral. Oils and other non-aqueous liquids are not acids or bases.There are different definitions of acids and bases, but acids can accept an electron pair or donate a hydrogen ion or a proton in a chemical reaction, while bases can donate an electron pair or accept hydrogen or a proton.Acids and bases are characterized as strong or weak. A strong acid or strong base completely dissociates into its ions in water. If the compound does not completely dissociate, its a weak acid or base. How corrosive an acid or a base is does not relate to its strength.The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) or a solution. The scale runs from 0 to 14, with acids having a pH less than 7, 7 being neutral, and bases having a pH higher than 7.Acids and bases react with each other in what is called a neutralization reaction. The reaction produces salt and water and leaves the solution closer to a neutral pH th an before. One common test of whether an unknown is an acid or a base is to wet litmus paper with it. Litmus paper is a paper treated with an extract from a certain lichen that changes color according to pH. Acids turn litmus paper red, while bases turn litmus paper blue. A neutral chemical wont change the papers color.Because they separate into ions in water, both acids and bases conduct electricity.While you cant tell whether a solution is an acid or a base by looking at it, taste and touch may be used to tell them apart. However, since both acids and bases can be corrosive, you shouldnt test chemicals by tasting or touching them! You can get a chemical burn from both acids and bases. Acids tend to taste sour and feel drying or astringent, while bases taste bitter and feel slippery or soapy. Examples of household acids and bases you can test are vinegar (weak acetic acid) and baking soda solution (diluted sodium bicarbonate a base).Acids and bases are important in the human body. For example , the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, HCl, to digest food. The pancreas secretes a fluid rich in the base bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the small intestine. Acids and bases react with metals. Acids release hydrogen gas when reacted with metals. Sometimes hydrogen gas is released when a base reacts with a metal, such as reacting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and zinc. Another typical reaction between a base and a metal is a double displacement reaction, which may produce a precipitate metal hydroxide. Characteristic Acids Bases reactivity accept electron pairs or donate hydrogen ions or protons donate electron pairs or donate hydroxide ions or electrons pH less than 7 greater than 7 taste (don't test unknowns this way) sour soapy or bitter corrosivity may be corrosive may be corrosive touch (don't test unknowns) astringent slippery litmus test red blue conductivity in solution conduct electricity conduct electricity common examples vinegar, lemon juice, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid bleach, soap, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, detergent Chart Comparing Acids and Bases

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Land law - Essay Example Over a period of time she gained ascendancy over him. Her action against him was set aside as she failed to disprove this presumption (Re Craig , 1971). In Dunbar Bank plc v. Nadeem, the bank provided a mortgage loan to the couple in their joint names. In the trial court it was held that there had been undue influence brought to bear on the wife, as she had not made any contribution to the purchase, but all the same she was being held jointly liable with her husband. The appellate court set aside this judgment and ruled that she had not suffered any disadvantage and as she had failed to establish undue influence (Dunbar Bank plc v. Nadeem , 1998 ). The courts of equity, in their role of a court of conscience, initiated undue influence as a basis for the obtention of relief. To this end the courts endeavour to determine the underlying reason for entering into a transaction. In all cases, where the cause proves to be objectionable, the transaction will be rescinded. From the perspective of equity, undue influence occurs in the following cases. If there are threats or other overtly improper or intimidating acts and if the relationship between the parties accords to one of them a superior position, which is exploited by that party to the detriment of the other party. In O’Brien, the House of Lords specified the measures to be adopted by a bank, in order to avoid the ill effect of a husband’s undue influence, while granting loans to a couple. The outcome of this decision was that a contract could become unenforceable if one of the parties to the contract had done so as a consequence of a third party’s transgression (Barclays Bank v. OBrien, 1993). In Etridge it was held that it was the duty of the bank to take all such reasonable steps as would ensure that the wife should be properly apprised of the consequences of the transaction that she was about to enter into. To this end an

Term that has been coined with recent technology that is specific Essay

Term that has been coined with recent technology that is specific - Essay Example 59) This definition is similar to terms like portable computer, personal computer, notebook computer , netbook or laptop. The distinguishing feature of this device is in the fact that it is designed to be touched directly with the human hand, rather than equipped with a keyboard for typing. Not only that, it is designed to be held in the hand, rather than to sit on a desk, and it is all set up with internet function. They first came on to the market in 2002, when they were very expensive, but in the last year there have been popular mass market models such as the apple iPad. This model boasts more than 65,000 additional applications (called â€Å"aps†) which are especially designed for the tablet format, and claims to be â€Å"highly secure, stable, and responsive†. (Apple website) It is important that an average person should understand the meaning of this term in its specific usage in connection with computers so that he or she can choose which kind of computer is bes t suited to their purposes. For some people, typing is the preferred way of entering data, but others prefer handwriting or even sketching and drawing.